Definición de Romanticism

Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated around the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature in art and literature. It stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature. It elevated folk art, nature and custom, as well as arguing for an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage. It was influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment and elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period. The name "romantic" itself comes from the term "romance" which is a prose or poetic heroic narrative originating in medieval literature and romantic literature. The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution are thought to have influenced the movement. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as misunderstood heroic individuals and artists that altered society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability in the representation of its ideas.

Im heutigen, allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch bezeichnet der Begriff Romantik mit dem Adjektiv romantisch die Eigenschaft einer Sache oder eines Ereignisses, Menschen mit Liebe und Sehnsucht zu erfüllen, so etwa in den Wortverbindungen „romantische Liebe“, „romantische Musik“ oder „ein romantischer Brief“. Oft wird der Begriff auch synonym zu Kitsch gebraucht. Das hat jedoch mit der kulturgeschichtlichen Epoche nichts gemein.

Romantyzm jest rozumiany jako prąd ideowy, literacki i artystyczny, który rozwinął się przede wszystkim w Europie Zachodniej i objawiał się przeważnie w poezji, malarstwie i muzyce. Romantyzm nie obejmował wszystkich obszarów sztuk plastycznych oraz nie wytworzył jednolitego stylu, dlatego nie stanowi epoki we wszystkich dziedzinach sztuki.

Il termine "romanticismo" viene dall'inglese romantic che rappresentava in modo dispregiativo i romanzi cavallereschi.

• De stemming romantiek

• romantiek (stroming)
• romantiek (muziek)
• Noorse nationale romantiek
• neoromantiek
• Nieuwe Romantiek

ロマン主義の底流に流れているものは、内面性の重視、感情の尊重、想像性の開放といった特性であり、好まれる主題としては、「異国的なもの」「未知のもの」「隠れたもの」「はるかなるもの（特に、自分たちの文化の精神的な故郷、古代文化）」「神秘的なもの（言葉で語れないもの）」「夢と現実の混交」、更には、「憂鬱」「不安」「動揺」「苦悩」「自然愛」などを挙げることができる。

Това е и времето на големите обществени сътресения, като Френската революция, когато феодалната система напълно се разпада. Освен революцията от 1789 година, по време на Романтизма се случват и следните исторически събития: Въздигането и управлението на Наполеон, както и въстанието на декабристите в Русия през 1825 година.

Тези събития повлияват върху възгледите на тогавашните хора за живота, затова ключови при описанието на емоционалността в този период са сантиментализмът, меланхолията и песимизмът, а след свалянето на Наполеон, към тях се прибавят и разочарованието и гражданското недоволство.